Exchangeable random variables form an important and well-studied generalization of i.i.d. variables, however simple examples show that no nontrivial concept or function classes are PAC learnable under general exchangeable data inputs $X_1,X_2,\ldots$. Inspired by the work of Berti and Rigo on a Glivenko--Cantelli theorem for exchangeable inputs, we propose a new paradigm, adequate for learning from exchangeable data: predictive PAC learnability. A learning rule $\mathcal L$ for a function class $\mathscr F$ is predictive PAC if for every $\e,\delta>0$ and each function $f\in {\mathscr F}$, whenever $\abs{\sigma}\geq s(\delta,\e)$, we have with confidence $1-\delta$ that the expected difference between $f(X_{n+1})$ and the image of $f\vert\sigma$ under $\mathcal L$ does not exceed $\e$ conditionally on $X_1,X_2,\ldots,X_n$. Thus, instead of learning the function $f$ as such, we are learning to a given accuracy $\e$ the predictive behaviour of $f$ at the future points $X_i(\omega)$, $i>n$ of the sample path. Using de Finetti's theorem, we show that if a universally separable function class $\mathscr F$ is distribution-free PAC learnable under i.i.d. inputs, then it is distribution-free predictive PAC learnable under exchangeable inputs, with a slightly worse sample complexity.

提出了一种新的学习法则，即预测性 PAC 学习，它适用于可交换数据，并使用 de Finetti 定理证明了如果一个具有普遍可分性的函数类在 i.i.d.G渐进输入下是无偏的，那么在可交换输入下也是无偏的，但样本复杂度略有降低。

基于可交换输入数据的预测 PAC 可学习性模型