TL;DR本文旨在统一因果建模和决策分析两大领域，提出了一种新的因果影响图的模型来描述因果依赖关系，并讨论了 Howard 规范形式在此模型中的作用。
Abstract
Most traditional models of uncertainty have focused on the associational relationship among variables as captured by conditional dependence. In order to successfully manage intelligent systems for decision making, however, we must be able to predict the effects of actions. In this pape