We consider neural networks with a single hidden layer and non-decreasing homogeneous activa-tion functions like the rectified linear units. By letting the number of hidden units grow unbounded and using classical non-Euclidean regularization tools on the output weights, we provide a detailed theoretical analysis of their generalization performance, with a study of both the approximation and the estimation errors. We show in particular that they are adaptive to unknown underlying linear structures, such as the dependence on the projection of the input variables onto a low-dimensional subspace. Moreover, when using sparsity-inducing norms on the input weights, we show that high-dimensional non-linear variable selection may be achieved, without any strong assumption regarding the data and with a total number of variables potentially exponential in the number of ob-servations. In addition, we provide a simple geometric interpretation to the non-convex problem of addition of a new unit, which is the core potentially hard computational element in the framework of learning from continuously many basis functions. We provide simple conditions for convex relaxations to achieve the same generalization error bounds, even when constant-factor approxi-mations cannot be found (e.g., because it is NP-hard such as for the zero-homogeneous activation function). We were not able to find strong enough convex relaxations and leave open the existence or non-existence of polynomial-time algorithms.

研究神经网络单隐层的一般化性能，使用非欧几里得正则化工具，证明了它们适应未知的线性结构，而使用稀疏感应规范则可以实现高维非线性变量选择，提供了简单的几何解释，并提供了一些凸松弛的简单条件来实现相同的一般化误差界限，留下存在或不存在多项式时间算法的问题。

利用凸神经网络打破维度诅咒