There is large consent that successful training of deep networks requires many thousand annotated training samples. In this paper, we present a network and training strategy that relies on the strong use of data augmentation to use the available annotated samples more efficiently. The architecture consists of a contracting path to capture context and a symmetric expanding path that enables precise localization. We show that such a network can be trained end-to-end from very few images and outperforms the prior best method (a sliding-window convolutional network) on the ISBI challenge for segmentation of neuronal structures in electron microscopic stacks. Using the same network trained on transmitted light microscopy images (phase contrast and DIC) we won the ISBI cell tracking challenge 2015 in these categories by a large margin. Moreover, the network is fast. Segmentation of a 512x512 image takes less than a second on a recent GPU. The full implementation (based on Caffe) and the trained networks are available at http://lmb.informatik.uni-freiburg.de/people/ronneber/u-net .

该研究提出了一种基于数据增强的网络和训练策略，用于更有效地利用可用的标注样本，以实现对神经结构的分割和细胞跟踪。研究表明，这种网络可以从极少量的图像中进行端对端的训练，并在电子显微图像和透射光显微图像上均取得了优异的分割和跟踪效果，且速度快。

U-Net: 生物医学图像分割的卷积神经网络