Part of the appeal of Visual Question Answering (VQA) is its promise to answer new questions about previously unseen images. Most current methods demand training questions that illustrate every possible concept, and will therefore never achieve this capability, since the volume of required training data would be prohibitive. Answering general questions about images requires methods capable of Zero-Shot VQA, that is, methods able to answer questions beyond the scope of the training questions. We propose a new evaluation protocol for VQA methods which measures their ability to perform Zero-Shot VQA, and in doing so highlights significant practical deficiencies of current approaches, some of which are masked by the biases in current datasets. We propose and evaluate several strategies for achieving Zero-Shot VQA, including methods based on pretrained word embeddings, object classifiers with semantic embeddings, and test-time retrieval of example images. Our extensive experiments are intended to serve as baselines for Zero-Shot VQA, and they also achieve state-of-the-art performance in the standard VQA evaluation setting.

本文提出了一种评估 VQA 方法能力的新协议，该方法旨在衡量其执行零摄影技术需求 (Zero-Shot VQA) 的能力，并在此过程中凸显了当前方法的一些实际缺陷，其中一些缺陷被当前数据集中的偏见掩盖。通过在预训练单词嵌入和物体分类器等方面进行实验，我们提出并评估了多种实现零摄影技术需求的策略，并在标准 VQA 评估设置中实现了最先进的性能。

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