Early detection of pulmonary cancer is the most promising way to enhance a patient's chance for survival. Accurate pulmonary nodule detection in computed tomography (CT) images is a crucial step in diagnosing pulmonary cancer. In this paper, inspired by the successful use of deep convolutional neural networks (DCNNs) in natural image recognition, we propose a novel pulmonary nodule detection approach based on DCNNs. We first introduce a deconvolutional structure to Faster Region-based Convolutional Neural Network (Faster R-CNN) for candidate detection on axial slices. Then, a three-dimensional DCNN is presented for the subsequent false positive reduction. Experimental results of the LUng Nodule Analysis 2016 (LUNA16) Challenge demonstrate the superior detection performance of the proposed approach on nodule detection (average FROC-score of 0.893, ranking the 1st place over all submitted results), which outperforms the best result on the leaderboard of the LUNA16 Challenge (average FROC-score of 0.864).

本研究提出了一种基于卷积神经网络的肺结节检测方法，首先使用卷积神经网络进行候选检测，随后使用三维卷积神经网络进行假阳性减少。实验结果表明，该方法在肺结节检测方面表现卓越，并在LUng Nodule Analysis 2016（LUNA16）挑战中排名第一。

利用深度卷积神经网络在计算机断层扫描图像中准确检测肺结节