Using a deep neural network, we demonstrate a digital staining technique, which we term PhaseStain, to transform quantitative phase images (QPI) of labelfree tissue sections into images that are equivalent to brightfield microscopy images of the same samples that are histochemically stained. Through pairs of image data (QPI and the corresponding brightfield images, acquired after staining) we train a generative adversarial network (GAN) and demonstrate the effectiveness of this virtual staining approach using sections of human skin, kidney and liver tissue, matching the brightfield microscopy images of the same samples stained with Hematoxylin and Eosin, Jones' stain, and Masson's trichrome stain, respectively. This digital staining framework might further strengthen various uses of labelfree QPI techniques in pathology applications and biomedical research in general, by eliminating the need for chemical staining, reducing sample preparation related costs and saving time. Our results provide a powerful example of some of the unique opportunities created by data driven image transformations enabled by deep learning.

使用深度学习的数字染色技术 PhaseStain 能将实验室内不需要标记的组织切片的量化相位图像转变成相当于组织经过染色的亮场显微镜图像的等效图像，以 Hematoxylin 和 Eosin，Jones' stain 和 Masson's trichrome stain 技术染色的实验室内标本数字染色，能减少化学染色的需求，降低样品制备成本和节省时间。

PhaseStain: 使用深度学习对无标记定量相位显微镜图像进行数字染色