Deep learning has been revolutionary for computer vision and semantic segmentation in particular, with Bayesian Deep Learning (BDL) used to obtain uncertainty maps from deep models when predicting semantic classes. This information is critical when using semantic segmentation for autonomous driving for example. Standard semantic segmentation systems have well-established evaluation metrics. However, with BDL's rising popularity in computer vision we require new metrics to evaluate whether a BDL method produces better uncertainty estimates than another method. In this work we propose three such metrics to evaluate BDL models designed specifically for the task of semantic segmentation. We modify DeepLab-v3+, one of the state-of-the-art deep neural networks, and create its Bayesian counterpart using MC dropout and Concrete dropout as inference techniques. We then compare and test these two inference techniques on the well-known Cityscapes dataset using our suggested metrics. Our results provide new benchmarks for researchers to compare and evaluate their improved uncertainty quantification in pursuit of safer semantic segmentation.

本研究提出了三种度量标准以评估贝叶斯深度学习模型在语义分割任务中的不确定性估计。通过修改 DeepLab-v3+ 模型并使用 MC dropout 和 Concrete dropout 作为推断技术，本研究在 Cityscapes 数据集上比较和测试这两种推断技术的性能。结果可作为研究者对改进不确定性量化的参考。

评估基于贝叶斯深度学习的语义分割方法