Supervised training of neural networks for classification is typically performed with a global loss function. The loss function provides a gradient for the output layer, and this gradient is back-propagated to hidden layers to dictate an update direction for the weights. An alternative approach is to train the network with layer-wise loss functions. In this paper we demonstrate, for the first time, that layer-wise training can approach the state-of-the-art on a variety of image datasets. We use single-layer sub-networks and two different supervised loss functions to generate local error signals for the hidden layers, and we show that the combination of these losses help with optimization in the context of local learning. Using local errors could be a step towards more biologically plausible deep learning because the global error does not have to be transported back to hidden layers. A completely backprop free variant outperforms previously reported results among methods aiming for higher biological plausibility. Code is available https://github.com/anokland/local-loss

该论文探讨了使用分层损失函数进行神经网络分类的监督训练的方法，表明可在多种图像数据集上达到最先进水平，在局部学习的情况下，使用本地误差可能是朝着更符合生物学的深度学习的一步。

使用本地错误信号训练神经网络