Compared to 2D face presentation attacks (e.g. printed photos and video replays), 3D type attacks are more challenging to face recognition systems (FRS) by presenting 3D characteristics or materials similar to real faces. Existing 3D face spoofing databases, however, mostly based on 3D masks, are restricted to small data size or poor authenticity due to the production difficulty and high cost. In this work, we introduce the first wax figure face database, WFFD, as one type of super-realistic 3D presentation attacks to spoof the FRS. This database consists of 2200 images with both real and wax figure faces (totally 4400 faces) with a high diversity from online collections. Experiments on this database first investigate the vulnerability of three popular FRS to this kind of new attack. Further, we evaluate the performance of several face presentation attack detection methods to show the attack abilities of this super-realistic face spoofing database.

本文介绍一种全新的超现实3D面部攻击数据库，WFFD，用于模拟真实特征或材料的3D类型攻击，作者研究了三种流行的面部识别系统的易受攻击性，并评估了几种面部展示攻击检测方法以展示这个超丰富面部欺骗数据库的攻击能力。

使用蜡像脸创建面部展示攻击数据库