Previous research on empathetic dialogue systems has mostly focused on generating responses given certain emotions. However, being empathetic not only requires the ability of generating emotional responses, but more importantly, requires the understanding of user emotions and replying appropriately. In this paper, we propose a novel end-to-end approach for modeling empathy in dialogue systems: Mixture of Empathetic Listeners (MoEL). Our model first captures the user emotions and outputs an emotion distribution. Based on this, MoEL will softly combine the output states of the appropriate Listener(s), which are each optimized to react to certain emotions, and generate an empathetic response. Human evaluations on empathetic-dialogues (Rashkin et al., 2018) dataset confirm that MoEL outperforms multitask training baseline in terms of empathy, relevance, and fluency. Furthermore, the case study on generated responses of different Listeners shows high interpretability of our model.

本研究提出一种新的端到端的对话系统建模方法--MoEL，能够捕捉用户情感并回复相应的情感，经人类评估显示MoEL在共情、相关性和流畅性方面优于多任务训练基线，并且不同监听器生成的响应的案例研究显示我们的模型具有很高的解释性。

MoEL: 共情听众混合物