In this paper, we propose a gamification approach as a novel framework for smart building infrastructure with the goal of motivating human occupants to reconsider personal energy usage and to have positive effects on their environment. Human interaction in the context of cyber-physical systems is a core component and consideration in the implementation of any smart building technology. Research has shown that the adoption of human-centric building services and amenities leads to improvements in the operational efficiency of these cyber-physical systems directed towards controlling building energy usage. We introduce a strategy in form of a game-theoretic framework that incorporates humans-in-the-loop modeling by creating an interface to allow building managers to interact with occupants and potentially incentivize energy efficient behavior. Prior works on game theoretic analysis typically rely on the assumption that the utility function of each individual agent is known a priori. Instead, we propose novel utility learning framework for benchmarking that employs robust estimations of occupant actions towards energy efficiency. To improve forecasting performance, we extend the utility learning scheme by leveraging deep bi-directional recurrent neural networks. Using the proposed methods on data gathered from occupant actions for resources such as room lighting, we forecast patterns of energy resource usage to demonstrate the prediction performance of the methods. The results of our study show that we can achieve a highly accurate representation of the ground truth for occupant energy resource usage. We also demonstrate the explainable nature on human decision making towards energy usage inherent in the dataset using graphical lasso and granger causality algorithms. Finally, we open source the de-identified, high-dimensional data pertaining to the energy game-theoretic framework.

本文提出一种游戏化方法作为智能建筑基础设施的新框架，旨在激励人类占用者重新考虑个人能源使用并对其环境产生积极影响。我们引入了一种以博弈论为基础的策略，在建筑管理员与占用者之间创建接口，可能会激励节能行为，运用新型效用学习框架提高预测性能，通过双向递归神经网络扩展效用学习模式进行优化，最后我们还开源了与能源博弈论框架有关的去匿名化的高维数据。

智能基础设施能效博弈理论框架的设计、基准测试和可解释性分析