Deep learning-based language models pretrained on large unannotated text corpora have been demonstrated to allow efficient transfer learning for natural language processing, with recent approaches such as the transformer-based BERT model advancing the state of the art across a variety of tasks. While most work on these models has focused on high-resource languages, in particular English, a number of recent efforts have introduced multilingual models that can be fine-tuned to address tasks in a large number of different languages. However, we still lack a thorough understanding of the capabilities of these models, in particular for lower-resourced languages. In this paper, we focus on Finnish and thoroughly evaluate the multilingual BERT model on a range of tasks, comparing it with a new Finnish BERT model trained from scratch. The new language-specific model is shown to systematically and clearly outperform the multilingual. While the multilingual model largely fails to reach the performance of previously proposed methods, the custom Finnish BERT model establishes new state-of-the-art results on all corpora for all reference tasks: part-of-speech tagging, named entity recognition, and dependency parsing. We release the model and all related resources created for this study with open licenses at https://turkunlp.org/finbert .

本文主要介绍了采用预训练的深度学习语言模型用于自然语言处理的相关研究，特别是新型的transformer-based BERT模型。与其他大多采用英语等高资源语言的研究不同，本文侧重于针对冷门语言芬兰语的研究，探索基于多语言模型Fine-tune和基于芬兰语数据单独训练的模型的性能比较，实验结果表明后者的表现较好，成为当前芬兰语POS标注、NER和依存分析任务的先进模型。

BERT用于芬兰语的多语言处理