Objective: Employing transfer learning (TL) with convolutional neural networks (CNNs), well-trained on non-medical ImageNet dataset, has shown promising results for medical image analysis in recent years. We aimed to conduct a scoping review to identify these studies and summarize their characteristics in terms of the problem description, input, methodology, and outcome. Materials and Methods: To identify relevant studies, MEDLINE, IEEE, and ACM digital library were searched. Two investigators independently reviewed articles to determine eligibility and to extract data according to a study protocol defined a priori. Results: After screening of 8,421 articles, 102 met the inclusion criteria. Of 22 anatomical areas, eye (18%), breast (14%), and brain (12%) were the most commonly studied. Data augmentation was performed in 72% of fine-tuning TL studies versus 15% of the feature-extracting TL studies. Inception models were the most commonly used in breast related studies (50%), while VGGNet was the common in eye (44%), skin (50%) and tooth (57%) studies. AlexNet for brain (42%) and DenseNet for lung studies (38%) were the most frequently used models. Inception models were the most frequently used for studies that analyzed ultrasound (55%), endoscopy (57%), and skeletal system X-rays (57%). VGGNet was the most common for fundus (42%) and optical coherence tomography images (50%). AlexNet was the most frequent model for brain MRIs (36%) and breast X-Rays (50%). 35% of the studies compared their model with other well-trained CNN models and 33% of them provided visualization for interpretation. Discussion: Various methods have been used in TL approaches from non-medical to medical image analysis. The findings of the scoping review can be used in future TL studies to guide the selection of appropriate research approaches, as well as identify research gaps and opportunities for innovation.

本研究对新近的使用ImageNet数据集进行卷积神经网络预训练之后在医学图像分析方面应用的文章进行了综述，总结了数据处理、方法选择和结果评估等方面的主要趋势，发现存在一些关键的研究缺口。

利用ImageNet的医学图像分析中的迁移学习研究