Deep learning usually achieves the best results with complete supervision. In the case of semantic segmentation, this means that large amounts of pixelwise annotations are required to learn accurate models. In this paper, we show that we can obtain state-of-the-art results using a semi-supervised approach, specifically a self-training paradigm. We first train a teacher model on labeled data, and then generate pseudo labels on a large set of unlabeled data. Our robust training framework can digest human-annotated and pseudo labels jointly and achieve top performances on Cityscapes, CamVid and KITTI datasets while requiring significantly less supervision. We also demonstrate the effectiveness of self-training on a challenging cross-domain generalization task, outperforming conventional finetuning method by a large margin. Lastly, to alleviate the computational burden caused by the large amount of pseudo labels, we propose a fast training schedule to accelerate the training of segmentation models by up to 2x without performance degradation.

本文提出了一种半监督学习的方法，即自我训练范式，通过用标注数据训练教师模型并在大量未标注数据上生成伪标签，以较少的监督实现像素级准确模型，并在Cityscapes，CamVid和KITTI数据集上取得了最优表现，同时，在具有挑战性的跨域泛化任务上表现更佳，最后，为了减轻大量伪标签带来的计算负担，提出了一种快速训练计划来加速分割模型的训练。

自训练方式提升语义分割