Remote sensing image scene classification, which aims at labeling remote sensing images with a set of semantic categories based on their contents, has broad applications in a range of fields. Propelled by the powerful feature learning capabilities of deep neural networks, remote sensing image scene classification driven by deep learning has drawn remarkable attention and achieved significant breakthroughs. However, to the best of our knowledge, a comprehensive review of recent achievements regarding deep learning for scene classification of remote sensing images is still lacking. Considering the rapid evolution of this field, this paper provides a systematic survey of deep learning methods for remote sensing image scene classification by covering more than 140 papers. To be specific, we discuss the main challenges of scene classification and survey (1) Autoencoder-based scene classification methods, (2) Convolutional Neural Network-based scene classification methods, and (3) Generative Adversarial Network-based scene classification methods. In addition, we introduce the benchmarks used for scene classification and summarize the performance of more than two dozens of representative algorithms on three commonly-used benchmark data sets. Finally, we discuss the promising opportunities for further research.

本文系统地介绍了160多篇文献中深度学习在遥感图像场景分类中的应用，包括自编码器、卷积神经网络和生成对抗网络等方面，总结了在三个常用数据集上的代表性算法的性能以及未来的研究前景。

遥感影像场景分类遇上深度学习：挑战、方法、基准和机遇