Self-supervised representation learning adopts self-defined signals as supervision and uses the learned representation for downstream tasks, such as masked language modeling (e.g., BERT) for natural language processing and contrastive visual representation learning (e.g., SimCLR) for computer vision applications. In this paper, we present a theoretical framework explaining that self-supervised learning is likely to work under the assumption that only the shared information (e.g., contextual information or content) between the input (e.g., non-masked words or original images) and self-supervised signals (e.g., masked-words or augmented images) contributes to downstream tasks. Under this assumption, we demonstrate that self-supervisedly learned representation can extract task-relevant and discard task-irrelevant information. We further connect our theoretical analysis to popular contrastive and predictive (self-supervised) learning objectives. In the experimental section, we provide controlled experiments on two popular tasks: 1) visual representation learning with various self-supervised learning objectives to empirically support our analysis; and 2) visual-textual representation learning to challenge that input and self-supervised signal lie in different modalities.

本文提供了一种信息理论框架，从多个视角探究自监督学习的特性，并介绍了可以丢弃任务无关信息的任务相关自适应目标函数，为自监督学习的目标设计提供了更加广阔的空间。

多视角自监督学习