In cooperative multi-agent reinforcement learning, a collection of agents learns to interact in a shared environment to achieve a common goal. We propose the use of reward machines (RM) -- Mealy machines used as structured representations of reward functions -- to encode the team's task. The proposed novel interpretation of RMs in the multi-agent setting explicitly encodes required teammate interdependencies and independencies, allowing the team-level task to be decomposed into sub-tasks for individual agents. We define such a notion of RM decomposition and present algorithmically verifiable conditions guaranteeing that distributed completion of the sub-tasks leads to team behavior accomplishing the original task. This framework for task decomposition provides a natural approach to decentralized learning: agents may learn to accomplish their sub-tasks while observing only their local state and abstracted representations of their teammates. We accordingly propose a decentralized q-learning algorithm. Furthermore, in the case of undiscounted rewards, we use local value functions to derive lower and upper bounds for the global value function corresponding to the team task. Experimental results in three discrete settings exemplify the effectiveness of the proposed RM decomposition approach, which converges to a successful team policy two orders of magnitude faster than a centralized learner and significantly outperforms hierarchical and independent q-learning approaches.

研究团队提出使用奖励机器（RM）对协作多智能体强化学习中的团队任务进行编码，分解任务成子任务分配给个体智能体去完成，提出一种分布式完成子任务的算法，提供了一种自然去中心化学习的方法，并在实验中验证了所提出的方法非常有效。

协作多智体强化学习的奖励机器