Uncertainty estimation is important for interpreting the trustworthiness of machine learning models in many applications. This is especially critical in the data-driven active learning setting where the goal is to achieve a certain accuracy with minimum labeling effort. In such settings, the model learns to select the most informative unlabeled samples for annotation based on its estimated uncertainty. The highly uncertain predictions are assumed to be more informative for improving model performance. In this paper, we explore uncertainty calibration within an active learning framework for medical image segmentation, an area where labels often are scarce. Various uncertainty estimation methods and acquisition strategies (regions and full images) are investigated. We observe that selecting regions to annotate instead of full images leads to more well-calibrated models. Additionally, we experimentally show that annotating regions can cut 50% of pixels that need to be labeled by humans compared to annotating full images.

本文探讨了在数据驱动主动学习框架下，针对医学图像分割任务进行不确定性校准的方法，研究了不同的不确定性估计方法和采集策略，并证明选定区域标注可以显著减少需要人工标注的像素数量。

关于主动学习图像分割中的不确定度估计