Two major challenges in distributed learning and estimation are 1) preserving the privacy of the local samples; and 2) communicating them efficiently to a central server, while achieving high accuracy for the end-to-end task. While there has been significant interest in addressing each of these challenges separately in the recent literature, treatments that simultaneously address both challenges are still largely missing. In this paper, we develop novel encoding and decoding mechanisms that simultaneously achieve optimal privacy and communication efficiency in various canonical settings. In particular, we consider the problems of mean estimation and frequency estimation under $\varepsilon$-local differential privacy and $b$-bit communication constraints. For mean estimation, we propose a scheme based on Kashin's representation and random sampling, with order-optimal estimation error under both constraints. For frequency estimation, we present a mechanism that leverages the recursive structure of Walsh-Hadamard matrices and achieves order-optimal estimation error for all privacy levels and communication budgets. As a by-product, we also construct a distribution estimation mechanism that is rate-optimal for all privacy regimes and communication constraints, extending recent work that is limited to $b=1$ and $\varepsilon=O(1)$. Our results demonstrate that intelligent encoding under joint privacy and communication constraints can yield a performance that matches the optimal accuracy achievable under either constraint alone.

该研究提出了一种基于Kashin表示和随机抽样的方案以及利用Walsh-Hadamard矩阵的递归结构来实现隐私和通信效率的联合优化编码和解码机制，对平均值估计和频率估计等问题进行了研究。

打破通信-隐私-准确性三难题