Machine learning algorithms have been used widely in various applications and areas. To fit a machine learning model into different problems, its hyper-parameters must be tuned. Selecting the best hyper-parameter configuration for machine learning models has a direct impact on the model's performance. It often requires deep knowledge of machine learning algorithms and appropriate hyper-parameter optimization techniques. Although several automatic optimization techniques exist, they have different strengths and drawbacks when applied to different types of problems. In this paper, optimizing the hyper-parameters of common machine learning models is studied. We introduce several state-of-the-art optimization techniques and discuss how to apply them to machine learning algorithms. Many available libraries and frameworks developed for hyper-parameter optimization problems are provided, and some open challenges of hyper-parameter optimization research are also discussed in this paper. Moreover, experiments are conducted on benchmark datasets to compare the performance of different optimization methods and provide practical examples of hyper-parameter optimization. This survey paper will help industrial users, data analysts, and researchers to better develop machine learning models by identifying the proper hyper-parameter configurations effectively.

本篇论文研究了常见机器学习模型的超参数优化，介绍了一些最先进的优化技术，并讨论了如何将它们应用于机器学习算法。同时，也提供了许多用于超参数优化问题的库和框架，并在基准数据集上进行了实验，以比较不同优化方法的性能，提供超参数优化的实际例子。该综述论文将帮助工业用户、数据分析师和研究人员通过有效地识别适当的超参数配置来更好地开发机器学习模型。

机器学习算法超参数优化：理论与实践