In today's heavily overparameterized models, the value of the training loss provides few guarantees on model generalization ability. Indeed, optimizing only the training loss value, as is commonly done, can easily lead to suboptimal model quality. Motivated by the connection between geometry of the loss landscape and generalization---including a generalization bound that we prove here---we introduce a novel, effective procedure for instead simultaneously minimizing loss value and loss sharpness. In particular, our procedure, Sharpness-Aware Minimization (SAM), seeks parameters that lie in neighborhoods having uniformly low loss; this formulation results in a min-max optimization problem on which gradient descent can be performed efficiently. We present empirical results showing that SAM improves model generalization across a variety of benchmark datasets (e.g., CIFAR-{10, 100}, ImageNet, finetuning tasks) and models, yielding novel state-of-the-art performance for several. Additionally, we find that SAM natively provides robustness to label noise on par with that provided by state-of-the-art procedures that specifically target learning with noisy labels.

本文引入了一种新颖、有效的程序，即Sharpness-Aware Minimization(SAM)，通过在局部参数空间中同时最小化损失值和损失锐度，以提高模型泛化能力。实验结果表明，SAM在多个数据集和模型上都取得了最新的最好结果，同时也提供了与最先进的噪声标记学习特定过程相当的抗噪性。

针对高效改善泛化性能的锐度感知最小化