Optimal Transport is a theory that allows to define geometrical notions of distance between probability distributions and to find correspondences, relationships, between sets of points. Many machine learning applications are derived from this theory, at the frontier between mathematics and optimization. This thesis proposes to study the complex scenario in which the different data belong to incomparable spaces. In particular we address the following questions: how to define and apply Optimal Transport between graphs, between structured data? How can it be adapted when the data are varied and not embedded in the same metric space? This thesis proposes a set of Optimal Transport tools for these different cases. An important part is notably devoted to the study of the Gromov-Wasserstein distance whose properties allow to define interesting transport problems on incomparable spaces. More broadly, we analyze the mathematical properties of the various proposed tools, we establish algorithmic solutions to compute them and we study their applicability in numerous machine learning scenarii which cover, in particular, classification, simplification, partitioning of structured data, as well as heterogeneous domain adaptation.

该论文讨论了Optimal Transport在不同空间中的运用，尤其是研究了如何在图形和结构化数据之间定义和应用Optimal Transport，特别是在这些数据属于不可比较空间时如何完成适应操作。该文提出了一组Optimal Transport工具，其中包括对Gromov-Wasserstein距离的研究，其性质可以定义不同空间中的有趣运输问题。我们分析了各种工具的数学性质，建立了计算它们的算法解决方案，并研究了它在许多机器学习场景中的适用性，其中包括分类和简化、结构数据分区以及异构域适应。

关于不可比空间的最优输运问题的贡献