Deep learning has become the mainstream technology in computer vision, and it has received extensive research interest in developing new medical image processing algorithms to support disease detection and diagnosis. As compared to conventional machine learning technologies, the major advantage of deep learning is that models can automatically identify and recognize representative features through the hierarchal model architecture, while avoiding the laborious development of hand-crafted features. In this paper, we reviewed and summarized more than 200 recently published papers to provide a comprehensive overview of applying deep learning methods in various medical image analysis tasks. Especially, we emphasize the latest progress and contributions of state-of-the-art unsupervised and semi-supervised deep learning in medical images, which are summarized based on different application scenarios, including lesion classification, segmentation, detection, and image registration. Additionally, we also discussed the major technical challenges and suggested the possible solutions in future research efforts.

本文总结和回顾了过去五年来针对深度学习在医学图像分析领域中面临着的挑战和问题进行的一系列研究和尝试，强调了半监督和无监督深度学习在医学图像分析领域的最新进展和贡献，并讨论了未来研究的可能解决方案和技术挑战。

医学图像分析中深度学习的最新进展和临床应用