As machine learning methods are deployed in real-world settings such as healthcare, legal systems, and social science, it is crucial to recognize how they shape social biases and stereotypes in these sensitive decision-making processes. Among such real-world deployments are large-scale pretrained language models (LMs) that can be potentially dangerous in manifesting undesirable representational biases - harmful biases resulting from stereotyping that propagate negative generalizations involving gender, race, religion, and other social constructs. As a step towards improving the fairness of LMs, we carefully define several sources of representational biases before proposing new benchmarks and metrics to measure them. With these tools, we propose steps towards mitigating social biases during text generation. Our empirical results and human evaluation demonstrate effectiveness in mitigating bias while retaining crucial contextual information for high-fidelity text generation, thereby pushing forward the performance-fairness Pareto frontier.

为了提高语言模型的公正性，本文提出了多项定义并给出了新的测试和度量方式，旨在减少机器学习在文本生成过程中对性别、种族、语言宗教等社会构建的刻板印象所带来的负面影响。实证结果和人工评估表明，该方法能够在文本生成中减少偏见同时保留重要的上下文信息。

探索并缓解语言模型中的社会偏见