Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have recently demonstrated superior capability of tackling graph analytical problems in various applications. Nevertheless, with the wide-spreading practice of GNNs in high-stake decision-making processes, there is an increasing societal concern that GNNs could make discriminatory decisions that may be illegal towards certain demographic groups. Although some explorations have been made towards developing fair GNNs, existing approaches are tailored for a specific GNN model. However, in practical scenarios, myriads of GNN variants have been proposed for different tasks, and it is costly to train and fine-tune existing debiasing models for different GNNs. Also, bias in a trained model could originate from training data, while how to mitigate bias in the graph data is usually overlooked. In this work, different from existing work, we first propose novel definitions and metrics to measure the bias in an attributed network, which leads to the optimization objective to mitigate bias. Based on the optimization objective, we develop a framework named EDITS to mitigate the bias in attributed networks while preserving useful information. EDITS works in a model-agnostic manner, which means that it is independent of the specific GNNs applied for downstream tasks. Extensive experiments on both synthetic and real-world datasets demonstrate the validity of the proposed bias metrics and the superiority of EDITS on both bias mitigation and utility maintenance. Open-source implementation: https://github.com/yushundong/EDITS.

该论文提出了利用 EDITS 框架通过减少有偏数据来减轻 GNN 模型的偏见，以实现更公平的结果。在新提出的度量指标的引导下，EDITS 可以以模型无关的方式优化输入数据，从而解决针对不同应用场景中不同 GNN 模型的偏差问题，并且不会降低 GNN 模型的性能。

建模和减轻图神经网络的数据偏差