Imperfections in data annotation, known as label noise, are detrimental to the training of machine learning models and have an often-overlooked confounding effect on the assessment of model performance. Nevertheless, employing experts to remove label noise by fully re-annotating large datasets is infeasible in resource-constrained settings, such as healthcare. This work advocates for a data-driven approach to prioritising samples for re-annotation - which we term "active label cleaning". We propose to rank instances according to estimated label correctness and labelling difficulty of each sample, and introduce a simulation framework to evaluate relabelling efficacy. Our experiments on natural images and on a new medical imaging benchmark show that cleaning noisy labels mitigates their negative impact on model training, evaluation, and selection. Crucially, the proposed active label cleaning enables correcting labels up to 4 times more effectively than typical random selection in realistic conditions, making better use of experts' valuable time for improving dataset quality.

本文提出一种基于数据驱动的主动标签清理方法来解决数据注释中的标签噪音问题，通过对样本进行优先级排序，提高数据集质量，具有较好的可行性和高效性。

资源有限条件下的活动标签清洗，以提高数据集质量