This paper shows that masked autoencoders (MAE) are scalable self-supervised learners for computer vision. Our MAE approach is simple: we mask random patches of the input image and reconstruct the missing pixels. It is based on two core designs. First, we develop an asymmetric encoder-decoder architecture, with an encoder that operates only on the visible subset of patches (without mask tokens), along with a lightweight decoder that reconstructs the original image from the latent representation and mask tokens. Second, we find that masking a high proportion of the input image, e.g., 75%, yields a nontrivial and meaningful self-supervisory task. Coupling these two designs enables us to train large models efficiently and effectively: we accelerate training (by 3x or more) and improve accuracy. Our scalable approach allows for learning high-capacity models that generalize well: e.g., a vanilla ViT-Huge model achieves the best accuracy (87.8%) among methods that use only ImageNet-1K data. Transfer performance in downstream tasks outperforms supervised pre-training and shows promising scaling behavior.

本文展示掩码自动编码器(MAE)是可扩展的自监督计算机视觉学习器, 通过实现以两种核心设计为基础的MAE方法：一种不对遮罩令牌进行编码的编码器和一种从潜在表示和遮罩令牌中重建原始图像的轻量级解码器，并使用更高比例的保持训练图片完整性的遮罩令牌，同时能够提高训练精度和加速计算。本方法能够训练大型高容量模型，并Transfer Learning具有出色的性能。

遮蔽自编码器是可扩展的视觉学习器