The noise transition matrix plays a central role in the problem of learning from noisy labels. Among many other reasons, a significant number of existing solutions rely on access to it. Estimating the transition matrix without using ground truth labels is a critical and challenging task. When label noise transition depends on each instance, the problem of identifying the instance-dependent noise transition matrix becomes substantially more challenging. Despite recent works proposing solutions for learning from instance-dependent noisy labels, we lack a unified understanding of when such a problem remains identifiable, and therefore learnable. This paper seeks to provide answers to a sequence of related questions: What are the primary factors that contribute to the identifiability of a noise transition matrix? Can we explain the observed empirical successes? When a problem is not identifiable, what can we do to make it so? We will relate our theoretical findings to the literature and hope to provide guidelines for developing effective solutions for battling instance-dependent label noise.

本文探讨了学习嘈杂标签所需的噪声转移矩阵的可辨识性，并通过 Kruskal 的可辨识性结果表明，对于一般情况下的实例级别的问题，识别噪声转移矩阵需要多个嘈杂标签的支持，此外，我们还展示了标签噪声转移的实例依赖性与统一的认识之间的联系，并提供了实证证据。

标签噪声过渡矩阵的可识别性