One of the difficulties of artificial intelligence is to ensure that model decisions are fair and free of bias. In research, datasets, metrics, techniques, and tools are applied to detect and mitigate algorithmic unfairness and bias. This study aims to examine existing knowledge on bias and unfairness in Machine Learning models, identifying mitigation methods, fairness metrics, and supporting tools. A Systematic Literature Review found 40 eligible articles published between 2017 and 2022 in the Scopus, IEEE Xplore, Web of Science, and Google Scholar knowledge bases. The results show numerous bias and unfairness detection and mitigation approaches for ML technologies, with clearly defined metrics in the literature, and varied metrics can be highlighted. We recommend further research to define the techniques and metrics that should be employed in each case to standardize and ensure the impartiality of the machine learning model, thus, allowing the most appropriate metric to detect bias and unfairness in a given context.

本研究旨在检查现有知识中关于机器学习模型中的偏见和不公平的研究，并识别减弱算法不公平和偏差的方法、公平性度量和支持工具。经过系统文献综述，发现了40篇可用于Scopus、IEEE Xplore, Web of Science和Google Scholar知识库的文章。结果表明，针对ML技术的多种偏见和不公平检测与减轻方法，在文献中定义了明确的度量标准，可以突出不同的度量标准。因此建议进一步研究，以定义在每种情况下应采用的技术和指标，以标准化并确保机器学习模型的公正性，从而允许最适当的度量标准来检测偏见和不公平。

机器学习模型中的偏见和不公平性：系统性文献综述