Medical image segmentation plays an irreplaceable role in computer-assisted diagnosis, treatment planning, and following-up. Collecting and annotating a large-scale dataset is crucial to training a powerful segmentation model, but producing high-quality segmentation masks is an expensive and time-consuming procedure. Recently, weakly-supervised learning that uses sparse annotations (points, scribbles, bounding boxes) for network training has achieved encouraging performance and shown the potential for annotation cost reduction. However, due to the limited supervision signal of sparse annotations, it is still challenging to employ them for networks training directly. In this work, we propose a simple yet efficient scribble-supervised image segmentation method and apply it to cardiac MRI segmentation. Specifically, we employ a dual-branch network with one encoder and two slightly different decoders for image segmentation and dynamically mix the two decoders' predictions to generate pseudo labels for auxiliary supervision. By combining the scribble supervision and auxiliary pseudo labels supervision, the dual-branch network can efficiently learn from scribble annotations end-to-end. Experiments on the public ACDC dataset show that our method performs better than current scribble-supervised segmentation methods and also outperforms several semi-supervised segmentation methods.

本研究提出了一个简单而有效的基于标注涂鸦的医学图像分割方法，并应用于心脏核磁共振图像分割，结合了涂鸦监督和辅助伪标签监督的双分支网络能够高效地从标注涂鸦中学习，并取得了优于目前方法和半监督分割方法的表现。

基于双分支网络和动态混合拟标注监督的涂鸦辅助医学图像分割