Designing a distribution of environments in which RL agents can learn interesting and useful skills is a challenging and poorly understood task, for multi-agent environments the difficulties are only exacerbated. One approach is to train a second RL agent, called a teacher, who samples environments that are conducive for the learning of student agents. However, most previous proposals for teacher rewards do not generalize straightforwardly to the multi-agent setting. We examine a set of intrinsic teacher rewards derived from prediction problems that can be applied in multi-agent settings and evaluate them in Mujoco tasks such as multi-agent Hide and Seek as well as a diagnostic single-agent maze task. Of the intrinsic rewards considered we found value disagreement to be most consistent across tasks, leading to faster and more reliable emergence of advanced skills in Hide and Seek and the maze task. Another candidate intrinsic reward considered, value prediction error, also worked well in Hide and Seek but was susceptible to noisy-TV style distractions in stochastic environments. Policy disagreement performed well in the maze task but did not speed up learning in Hide and Seek. Our results suggest that intrinsic teacher rewards, and in particular value disagreement, are a promising approach for automating both single and multi-agent environment design.

通过提供内在的奖励机制，增加多智能体环境中RL学习的效率，我们在多智能体 Hide and Seek 和单智能体迷宫任务中，考察了一系列根据预测问题构建的内在老师奖励，并发现其中价值不一致是最为稳健和高效的奖励方式。

自动设计有趣的多智能体环境