Human-AI collaboration for decision-making strives to achieve team performance that exceeds the performance of humans or AI alone. However, many factors can impact success of Human-AI teams, including a user's domain expertise, mental models of an AI system, trust in recommendations, and more. This work examines users' interaction with three simulated algorithmic models, all with similar accuracy but different tuning on their true positive and true negative rates. Our study examined user performance in a non-trivial blood vessel labeling task where participants indicated whether a given blood vessel was flowing or stalled. Our results show that while recommendations from an AI-Assistant can aid user decision making, factors such as users' baseline performance relative to the AI and complementary tuning of AI error types significantly impact overall team performance. Novice users improved, but not to the accuracy level of the AI. Highly proficient users were generally able to discern when they should follow the AI recommendation and typically maintained or improved their performance. Mid-performers, who had a similar level of accuracy to the AI, were most variable in terms of whether the AI recommendations helped or hurt their performance. In addition, we found that users' perception of the AI's performance relative on their own also had a significant impact on whether their accuracy improved when given AI recommendations. This work provides insights on the complexity of factors related to Human-AI collaboration and provides recommendations on how to develop human-centered AI algorithms to complement users in decision-making tasks.

研究了用户与三个模拟算法模型的交互，发现较低水平的用户虽然能从AI建议中受益，但是他们的决策水平却没能达到AI的精度，高水平用户则通常能辨别何时应该遵循AI建议并保持或提高其性能，而中等水平者则最不稳定，AI建议会对其性能产生帮助或伤害，此外，用户对AI性能的感知也对决策的精度影响非常大。该研究提供了关于人工智能协作相关复杂因素的见解，并提出了如何开发以人为本的人工智能算法以辅助用户在决策任务中的建议。

推进人工智能和人类互补性：用户专业知识和算法调优对共同决策的影响