Large-scale pretrained language models have made significant advances in solving downstream language understanding tasks. However, they generally suffer from reporting bias, the phenomenon describing the lack of explicit commonsense knowledge in written text, e.g., ''an orange is orange''. To overcome this limitation, we develop a novel approach, Z-LaVI, to endow language models with visual imagination capabilities. Specifically, we leverage two complementary types of ''imaginations'': (i) recalling existing images through retrieval and (ii) synthesizing nonexistent images via text-to-image generation. Jointly exploiting the language inputs and the imagination, a pretrained vision-language model (e.g., CLIP) eventually composes a zero-shot solution to the original language tasks. Notably, fueling language models with imagination can effectively leverage visual knowledge to solve plain language tasks. In consequence, Z-LaVI consistently improves the zero-shot performance of existing language models across a diverse set of language tasks.

通过利用两种互补的“想象力”（检索已有图像和通过文本到图像生成合成不存在的图像），我们开发了一种新颖的方法Z-LaVI，为语言模型赋予了视觉想象能力，从而解决了大规模预训练语言模型的报告偏差问题，提高了跨多个语言任务的零-shot性能。

Z-LaVI: 由视觉想象力驱动的零样本语言求解器