Recent advances of data-driven machine learning have revolutionized fields like computer vision, reinforcement learning, and many scientific and engineering domains. In many real-world and scientific problems, systems that generate data are governed by physical laws. Recent work shows that it provides potential benefits for machine learning models by incorporating the physical prior and collected data, which makes the intersection of machine learning and physics become a prevailing paradigm. In this survey, we present this learning paradigm called Physics-Informed Machine Learning (PIML) which is to build a model that leverages empirical data and available physical prior knowledge to improve performance on a set of tasks that involve a physical mechanism. We systematically review the recent development of physics-informed machine learning from three perspectives of machine learning tasks, representation of physical prior, and methods for incorporating physical prior. We also propose several important open research problems based on the current trends in the field. We argue that encoding different forms of physical prior into model architectures, optimizers, inference algorithms, and significant domain-specific applications like inverse engineering design and robotic control is far from fully being explored in the field of physics-informed machine learning. We believe that this study will encourage researchers in the machine learning community to actively participate in the interdisciplinary research of physics-informed machine learning.

本篇调查报告讲述了物理资讯机器学习在机器学习与数学物理模型的交叉领域中的应用和发展，它以物理机制为前提，在模型结构、优化器、推断算法和特定领域的应用（如逆向工程设计和机器人控制）等方面将不同的物理先验形式编码成模型，随着跨领域的研究，增强模型精度，提高效率，并对相关学科领域解决长期存在的问题提供可贵帮助。

物理学知识驱动的机器学习：问题、方法和应用综述