The use of deep learning in computer vision tasks such as image classification has led to a rapid increase in the performance of such systems. Due to this substantial increment in the utility of these systems, the use of artificial intelligence in many critical tasks has exploded. In the medical domain, medical image classification systems are being adopted due to their high accuracy and near parity with human physicians in many tasks. However, these artificial intelligence systems are extremely complex and are considered black boxes by scientists, due to the difficulty in interpreting what exactly led to the predictions made by these models. When these systems are being used to assist high-stakes decision-making, it is extremely important to be able to understand, verify and justify the conclusions reached by the model. The research techniques being used to gain insight into the black-box models are in the field of explainable artificial intelligence (XAI). In this paper, we evaluated three different XAI methods across two convolutional neural network models trained to classify lung cancer from histopathological images. We visualized the outputs and analyzed the performance of these methods, in order to better understand how to apply explainable artificial intelligence in the medical domain.

在医疗领域中，应用深度学习进行医学图像分类已成为趋势。然而，这种人工智能系统是极其复杂的“黑匣子”模型，难以解释其预测的原因。因此，研究探索可解释的人工智能（XAI）方法，以更好地应用于医学领域。本文通过对卷积神经网络模型进行规范化学图像分类，从三种不同的 XAI 方法对模型进行了可视化的研究和分析。

可解释人工智能方法在医学影像分类中的应用分析