The goal of the present paper is to develop and validate a questionnaire to assess AI literacy. In particular, the questionnaire should be deeply grounded in the existing literature on AI literacy, should be modular (i.e., including different facets that can be used independently of each other) to be flexibly applicable in professional life depending on the goals and use cases, and should meet psychological requirements and thus includes further psychological competencies in addition to the typical facets of AIL. We derived 60 items to represent different facets of AI Literacy according to Ng and colleagues conceptualisation of AI literacy and additional 12 items to represent psychological competencies such as problem solving, learning, and emotion regulation in regard to AI. For this purpose, data were collected online from 300 German-speaking adults. The items were tested for factorial structure in confirmatory factor analyses. The result is a measurement instrument that measures AI literacy with the facets Use & apply AI, Understand AI, Detect AI, and AI Ethics and the ability to Create AI as a separate construct, and AI Self-efficacy in learning and problem solving and AI Self-management. This study contributes to the research on AI literacy by providing a measurement instrument relying on profound competency models. In addition, higher-order psychological competencies are included that are particularly important in the context of pervasive change through AI systems.

本研究旨在开发并验证一份评估AI素养的问卷，其中包括60个代表不同AI素养方面的问题和12个代表AI心理能力的问题，在对300名德语成年人进行在线数据收集后，考虑因素分析后得出一套包括应用、理解、检测和伦理等四个方面的AI素养和创造AI的能力以及学习和问题解决的自我效能和自我管理的测量工具，该研究提供了一个基于深入能力模型的AI素养测量工具，并包含特别重要的高级心理能力。

MAILS -- Meta AI Literacy Scale: Development and Testing of an AI
  Literacy Questionnaire Based on Well-Founded Competency Models and
  Psychological Change- and Meta-Competencies

MAILS - 基于建立在充分能力模型和心理变化和元素能力基础上的AI识别问卷的开发和测试