This paper shows that the heterogeneity in neuronal and synaptic dynamics reduces the spiking activity of a Recurrent Spiking Neural Network (RSNN) while improving prediction performance, enabling spike-efficient (unsupervised) learning. We analytically show that the diversity in neurons' integration/relaxation dynamics improves an RSNN's ability to learn more distinct input patterns (higher memory capacity), leading to improved classification and prediction performance. We further prove that heterogeneous Spike-Timing-Dependent-Plasticity (STDP) dynamics of synapses reduce spiking activity but preserve memory capacity. The analytical results motivate Heterogeneous RSNN design using Bayesian optimization to determine heterogeneity in neurons and synapses to improve $\mathcal{E}$, defined as the ratio of spiking activity and memory capacity. The empirical results on time series classification and prediction tasks show that optimized HRSNN increases performance and reduces spiking activity compared to a homogeneous RSNN.

本文研究证明神经元和突触动态的异质性可以降低复杂神经网络的射击活动并提高预测性能，在无监督的学习中实现高效的射击，提高了神经网络的内存容量和分类预测性能。

异质神经元和突触动力学实现高效率自主学习：理论与设计原则