21st Century war is increasing in speed, with conventional forces combined with massed use of autonomous systems and human-machine integration. However, a significant challenge is how humans can ensure moral and legal responsibility for systems operating outside of normal temporal parameters. This chapter considers whether humans can stand outside of real time and authorise actions for autonomous systems by the prior establishment of a contract, for actions to occur in a future context particularly in faster than real time or in very slow operations where human consciousness and concentration could not remain well informed. The medical legal precdent found in 'advance care directives' suggests how the time-consuming, deliberative process required for accountability and responsibility of weapons systems may be achievable outside real time captured in an 'advance control driective' (ACD). The chapter proposes 'autonomy command' scaffolded and legitimised through the construction of ACD ahead of the deployment of autonomous systems.

研究了如何在时间参数之外保证自主系统的道德和法律责任，提出未来情境下建立「预先控制指令」来授权自主系统执行任务的可能性，借鉴医学与法律先例通过事先建立类似「预先护理指令」的方法来建立自主系统的问责与责任，提出「自主命令」架构来获得自主系统建立「预先控制指令」的合法性和可操作性。

有意义的人类命令：先进控制指令作为实现自主武器系统道德和法律责任的方法