Trust is a key motivation in developing explainable artificial intelligence (XAI). However, researchers attempting to measure trust in AI face numerous challenges, such as different trust conceptualizations, simplified experimental tasks that may not induce uncertainty as a prerequisite for trust, and the lack of validated trust questionnaires in the context of AI. While acknowledging these issues, we have identified a further challenge that currently seems underappreciated - the potential distinction between trust as one construct and \emph{distrust} as a second construct independent of trust. While there has been long-standing academic discourse for this distinction and arguments for both the one-dimensional and two-dimensional conceptualization of trust, distrust seems relatively understudied in XAI. In this position paper, we not only highlight the theoretical arguments for distrust as a distinct construct from trust but also contextualize psychometric evidence that likewise favors a distinction between trust and distrust. It remains to be investigated whether the available psychometric evidence is sufficient for the existence of distrust or whether distrust is merely a measurement artifact. Nevertheless, the XAI community should remain receptive to considering trust and distrust for a more comprehensive understanding of these two relevant constructs in XAI.

本文中，我们强调了不仅理论论证了疑虑作为独立于信任的第二个构想的重要性，而且从心理测量的角度证实了它们之间的区别。尽管尚未确定可用的心理测量证据是否足以支持疑虑的存在，但XAI社区应保持对考虑信任和疑虑以更全面的方式理解这两个相关构想的开放性。

（X）AI中的不信任感--是度量假象还是独立构建？