The process of matching patients with suitable clinical trials is essential for advancing medical research and providing optimal care. However, current approaches face challenges such as data standardization, ethical considerations, and a lack of interoperability between Electronic Health Records (EHRs) and clinical trial criteria. In this paper, we explore the potential of large language models (LLMs) to address these challenges by leveraging their advanced natural language generation capabilities to improve compatibility between EHRs and clinical trial descriptions. We propose an innovative privacy-aware data augmentation approach for LLM-based patient-trial matching (LLM-PTM), which balances the benefits of LLMs while ensuring the security and confidentiality of sensitive patient data. Our experiments demonstrate a 7.32% average improvement in performance using the proposed LLM-PTM method, and the generalizability to new data is improved by 12.12%. Additionally, we present case studies to further illustrate the effectiveness of our approach and provide a deeper understanding of its underlying principles.

本研究旨在探讨利用大型语言模型 (LLMs) 解决现有医学研究中患者与合适临床试验配对方面所面临的挑战，提出了一个基于 LLMs 的隐私感知数据增强方法，以实现对敏感患者数据的保护与有效的匹配。实验证明，此方法平均性能提高了 7.32%，新数据的通用性提高了 12.12%，并通过案例研究深入说明了其有效性与原理。

基于 LLM 的患者-临床试验匹配：注重隐私的数据增强以实现更好的性能和普适性