Large language models (LLMs) are a class of language models that have demonstrated outstanding performance across a range of natural language processing (NLP) tasks and have become a highly sought-after research area, because of their ability to generate human-like language and their potential to revolutionize science and technology. In this study, we conduct bibliometric and discourse analyses of scholarly literature on LLMs. Synthesizing over 5,000 publications, this paper serves as a roadmap for researchers, practitioners, and policymakers to navigate the current landscape of LLMs research. We present the research trends from 2017 to early 2023, identifying patterns in research paradigms and collaborations. We start with analyzing the core algorithm developments and NLP tasks that are fundamental in LLMs research. We then investigate the applications of LLMs in various fields and domains including medicine, engineering, social science, and humanities. Our review also reveals the dynamic, fast-paced evolution of LLMs research. Overall, this paper offers valuable insights into the current state, impact, and potential of LLMs research and its applications.

本文通过对5000多篇学术文献的综合分析，提供了关于LLM研究的路线图，包括核心算法开发、自然语言处理任务、LLM在医学、工程、社会科学和人文学科中的应用等方面的研究趋势以及研究范式和合作模式的变化，为研究人员、从业者和决策者了解LLM研究的当前状态、影响和潜力提供了有价值的见解。

2017年至2023年大型语言模型研究的文献计量学综述