This paper demonstrates how to discover the whole causal graph from the second derivative of the log-likelihood in observational non-linear additive Gaussian noise models. Leveraging scalable machine learning approaches to approximate the score function $\nabla \log p(\mathbf{X})$, we extend the work of Rolland et al. (2022) that only recovers the topological order from the score and requires an expensive pruning step removing spurious edges among those admitted by the ordering. Our analysis leads to DAS (acronym for Discovery At Scale), a practical algorithm that reduces the complexity of the pruning by a factor proportional to the graph size. In practice, DAS achieves competitive accuracy with current state-of-the-art while being over an order of magnitude faster. Overall, our approach enables principled and scalable causal discovery, significantly lowering the compute bar.

本文介绍了如何通过观测非线性加性高斯噪声模型对数似然函数的二阶导数来发现整个因果图，利用可扩展的机器学习方法来逼近得分函数，扩展了 Rolland 等人的工作，仅从得分中恢复拓扑顺序并要求昂贵的修剪步骤，从而导致 DAS (Discovery At Scale) 算法，这是一个实用的算法，可以将修剪的复杂性降低到与图形大小成比例的因子。在实践中，DAS 算法可以实现与当前最先进的技术相当的准确性，而速度则快了一个数量级。总的来说，我们的方法实现了基于原则且可扩展的因果推断，显着降低了计算门槛。

可扩展的因果发现与分数匹配