In this paper, we aimed to provide a review and tutorial for researchers in the field of medical imaging using language models to improve their tasks at hand. We began by providing an overview of the history and concepts of language models, with a special focus on large language models. We then reviewed the current literature on how language models are being used to improve medical imaging, emphasizing different applications such as image captioning, report generation, report classification, finding extraction, visual question answering, interpretable diagnosis, and more for various modalities and organs. The ChatGPT was specially highlighted for researchers to explore more potential applications. We covered the potential benefits of accurate and efficient language models for medical imaging analysis, including improving clinical workflow efficiency, reducing diagnostic errors, and assisting healthcare professionals in providing timely and accurate diagnoses. Overall, our goal was to bridge the gap between language models and medical imaging and inspire new ideas and innovations in this exciting area of research. We hope that this review paper will serve as a useful resource for researchers in this field and encourage further exploration of the possibilities of language models in medical imaging.

该研究综述了语言模型在医学成像领域中的应用，重点介绍了不同应用，如图像字幕、报告生成、报告分类、查找提取、视觉问答、可解释性诊断等，并探讨了语言模型在医学影像分析中的潜在优点，包括提高临床工作流程效率、降低诊断错误、协助医疗保健专业人员提供及时准确的诊断。

利用语言模型推进医学影像学：从N-grams到ChatGPT的旅程