A regression model with more parameters than data points in the training data is overparametrized and has the capability to interpolate the training data. Based on the classical bias-variance tradeoff expressions, it is commonly assumed that models which interpolate noisy training data are poor to generalize. In some cases, this is not true. The best models obtained are overparametrized and the testing error exhibits the double descent behavior as the model order increases. In this contribution, we provide some analysis to explain the double descent phenomenon, first reported in the machine learning literature. We focus on interpolating models derived from the minimum norm solution to the classical least-squares problem and also briefly discuss model fitting using ridge regression. We derive a result based on the behavior of the smallest singular value of the regression matrix that explains the peak location and the double descent shape of the testing error as a function of model order.

本篇论文提出了一个回归模型的理论，在训练数据中具有比数据点更多的参数，这种模型被称为过度参数化模型，有能力插值训练数据，最好的模型是过度参数化的，与模型阶数呈双峰形。我们分析了最小二乘问题的最小化的解的内插模型，以及使用岭回归进行模型拟合的情况。同时也提出了一个基于回归矩阵最小奇异值行为的结果，可以解释测试误差随模型阶数的峰值位置和双峰形状。

插值回归模型和双下降现象分析