Facial recognition is one of the most academically studied and industrially developed areas within computer vision where we readily find associated applications deployed globally. This widespread adoption has uncovered significant performance variation across subjects of different racial profiles leading to focused research attention on racial bias within face recognition spanning both current causation and future potential solutions. In support, this study provides an extensive taxonomic review of research on racial bias within face recognition exploring every aspect and stage of the face recognition processing pipeline. Firstly, we discuss the problem definition of racial bias, starting with race definition, grouping strategies, and the societal implications of using race or race-related groupings. Secondly, we divide the common face recognition processing pipeline into four stages: image acquisition, face localisation, face representation, face verification and identification, and review the relevant corresponding literature associated with each stage. The overall aim is to provide comprehensive coverage of the racial bias problem with respect to each and every stage of the face recognition processing pipeline whilst also highlighting the potential pitfalls and limitations of contemporary mitigation strategies that need to be considered within future research endeavours or commercial applications alike.

该研究对人脸识别的种族偏见问题进行了全面而系统的研究，主要了解了人脸识别处理流程中涉及的影响偏见的各个方面与阶段，包括图像获取、脸部定位、脸部表示、脸部验证和识别等。同时，研究也指出了当前减少种族偏见的策略在将来的商业应用和研究中需要被考虑到的局限与可能的风险。

面部识别中的种族偏见: 一项调查