This paper proposes a 3D attention-based U-Net architecture for multi-region segmentation of brain tumors using a single stacked multi-modal volume created by combining three non-native MRI volumes. The attention mechanism added to the decoder side of the U-Net helps to improve segmentation accuracy by de-emphasizing healthy tissues and accentuating malignant tissues, resulting in better generalization power and reduced computational resources. The method is trained and evaluated on the BraTS 2021 Task 1 dataset, and demonstrates improvement of accuracy over other approaches. My findings suggest that the proposed approach has potential to enhance brain tumor segmentation using multi-modal MRI data, contributing to better understanding and diagnosis of brain diseases. This work highlights the importance of combining multiple imaging modalities and incorporating attention mechanisms for improved accuracy in brain tumor segmentation.

本文提出了一种基于3D注意力的U-Net架构，用于使用由三个非本地MRI卷积组合而成的单一堆叠的多模态体积进行大脑肿瘤的多区域分割。该方法通过在U-Net的解码器端添加注意机制来提高分割精度，从而减少了对健康组织的侧重和突出了恶性组织，提高了泛化能力并减少了计算资源。该方法在BraTS 2021任务1数据集上进行训练和评估，证明其在精度上优于其他方法。实验结果表明，该方法潜在地提高了使用多模态MRI数据进行大脑肿瘤分割的能力，有望为更好地理解和诊断脑部疾病做出贡献。这项工作强调了在大脑肿瘤分割中结合多种成像模式和引入注意机制以提高精度的重要性。

使用基于3D注意力机制的U-Net进行多类MRI脑肿瘤分割