Bias research in NLP seeks to analyse models for social biases, thus helping NLP practitioners uncover, measure, and mitigate social harms. We analyse the body of work that uses prompts and templates to assess bias in language models. We draw on a measurement modelling framework to create a taxonomy of attributes that capture what a bias test aims to measure and how that measurement is carried out. By applying this taxonomy to 90 bias tests, we illustrate qualitatively and quantitatively that core aspects of bias test conceptualisations and operationalisations are frequently unstated or ambiguous, carry implicit assumptions, or be mismatched. Our analysis illuminates the scope of possible bias types the field is able to measure, and reveals types that are as yet under-researched. We offer guidance to enable the community to explore a wider section of the possible bias space, and to better close the gap between desired outcomes and experimental design, both for bias and for evaluating language models more broadly.

通过量化和定性分析90个偏见测试，本文在应用测量建模框架来创造捕捉偏见测试目标的属性分类法的基础上，揭示了偏见测试的核心概念和操作存在的不明确、含蓄、或不匹配的偏差种类及其频度，并提出指导方案，以便更全面地探索偏见空间和更全面地评估语言模型的实验设计。

此提示衡量<MASK>：评估语言模型中的偏见评估