Open-vocabulary segmentation of 3D scenes is a fundamental function of human perception and thus a crucial objective in computer vision research. However, this task is heavily impeded by the lack of large-scale and diverse 3D open-vocabulary segmentation datasets for training robust and generalizable models. Distilling knowledge from pre-trained 2D open-vocabulary segmentation models helps but it compromises the open-vocabulary feature significantly as the 2D models are mostly finetuned with close-vocabulary datasets. We tackle the challenges in 3D open-vocabulary segmentation by exploiting the open-vocabulary multimodal knowledge and object reasoning capability of pre-trained foundation models CLIP and DINO, without necessitating any fine-tuning. Specifically, we distill open-vocabulary visual and textual knowledge from CLIP into a neural radiance field (NeRF) which effectively lifts 2D features into view-consistent 3D segmentation. Furthermore, we introduce the Relevancy-Distribution Alignment loss and Feature-Distribution Alignment loss to respectively mitigate the ambiguities of CLIP features and distill precise object boundaries from DINO features, eliminating the need for segmentation annotations during training. Extensive experiments show that our method even outperforms fully supervised models trained with segmentation annotations, suggesting that 3D open-vocabulary segmentation can be effectively learned from 2D images and text-image pairs.

本研究利用预训练的 CLIP 和 DINO 模型的多模式知识和物体推理能力来解决三维开放式词汇分割的挑战。通过优化神经辐射场 (NeRF) 并引入相应的损失函数，本研究在无需进行微调的情况下，以开放式视觉和文本知识为先验知识，从2D特征中提取出3D分割特征。通过实验验证，本研究所提出的方法在无需分割注释的情况下，甚至优于完全监督的分割模型训练，表明三维开放式词汇分割可以有效地从2D图像和文本图像对中学到。

基于基础模型的3D开放词汇分割