Lung cancer poses a significant global public health challenge, emphasizing the importance of early detection for improved patient outcomes. Recent advancements in deep learning algorithms have shown promising results in medical image analysis. This study aims to explore the application of object detection particularly YOLOv5, an advanced object identification system, in medical imaging for lung cancer identification. To train and evaluate the algorithm, a dataset comprising chest X-rays and corresponding annotations was obtained from Kaggle. The YOLOv5 model was employed to train an algorithm capable of detecting cancerous lung lesions. The training process involved optimizing hyperparameters and utilizing augmentation techniques to enhance the model's performance. The trained YOLOv5 model exhibited exceptional proficiency in identifying lung cancer lesions, displaying high accuracy and recall rates. It successfully pinpointed malignant areas in chest radiographs, as validated by a separate test set where it outperformed previous techniques. Additionally, the YOLOv5 model demonstrated computational efficiency, enabling real-time detection and making it suitable for integration into clinical procedures. This proposed approach holds promise in assisting radiologists in the early discovery and diagnosis of lung cancer, ultimately leading to prompt treatment and improved patient outcomes.

本研究探讨了目标检测特别是YOLOv5在医学影像中的应用，通过训练模型检测病理性肺病变，实现早期肺癌的诊断，结果表明该模型在识别病变和计算效率方面表现良好，有望在临床中应用辅助影像医师的早期检测。

利用物体检测技术实现肺癌识别